There are several factors that can cause currency pair volatility. Here are some of the most common:

Economic data releases: Economic data releases such as GDP, inflation, employment data, and interest rate decisions can have a significant impact on currency pair volatility. Better-than-expected data can cause the currency to appreciate, while worse-than-expected data can cause the currency to depreciate.

Political and geopolitical events: Political instability, elections, and geopolitical events such as wars, trade tensions, and natural disasters can all cause currency pair volatility. For example, Brexit has had a significant impact on the volatility of GBP/USD.

Central bank policies: Central bank policies, such as changes in interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance, can have a major impact on currency pair volatility. For example, a central bank may raise interest rates to combat inflation, which could cause the currency to appreciate.

Market sentiment: Market sentiment can also impact currency pair volatility. If traders are optimistic about the prospects for a particular currency, they may buy it, which could cause the currency to appreciate. Conversely, if traders are pessimistic, they may sell the currency, which could cause it to depreciate.

Commodity prices: Some currency pairs, such as AUD/USD and CAD/USD, are heavily influenced by commodity prices. Fluctuations in commodity prices can therefore cause volatility in these currency pairs.

It is important for traders to stay up-to-date with the latest news and developments that could impact currency pair volatility, and to be prepared for sudden price movements that could affect their trades.

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