Monetary policy is one of the key tools used by central banks to influence the economy and the value of their currency. One of the most significant tools of monetary policy is the central bank's ability to set interest rates. Interest rates affect the cost of borrowing and the reward for saving, influencing consumer spending, investment decisions, and inflation rates.

When a central bank raises interest rates, it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money, leading to higher interest rates for consumers. This can slow down economic growth and reduce inflation. Conversely, when a central bank lowers interest rates, it becomes cheaper for banks to borrow money, leading to lower interest rates for consumers. This can stimulate economic growth and increase inflation.

Changes in interest rates can have a significant impact on currency values. When a central bank raises interest rates, the value of its currency usually increases as investors seek higher returns. Conversely, when a central bank lowers interest rates, the value of its currency usually decreases as investors seek higher returns elsewhere.

In addition to setting interest rates, central banks may also use other tools of monetary policy to influence the economy, such as adjusting the reserve requirements for banks, conducting open market operations to buy or sell government securities, or adjusting the discount rate at which banks can borrow money from the central bank. These tools can have a significant impact on the economy and the value of a country's currency.

Looking to learn about forex? Take our crash courses at our Forex University. If you’re looking to setup a demo trading account then click here. Finally, if you’re looking for Forex Signals, Forex Portugal provides free & premium signals on-demand.